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Czech Republic

From Moravia to Bohemia: Central Europe's Hidden Wine Treasure

Czech Wine Overview

Classification System

Sugar-based quality levels

Zemské víno Regional wine
Jakostní víno Quality wine
Přívlastek Special attributes
VOC Appellation system
°NM Scale Sugar measurement

Přívlastek Levels

Ripeness hierarchy

Kabinetní 19° NM minimum
Pozdní sběr 21° NM late harvest
Výběr z hroznů 24° NM selection
Výběr z bobulí 27° NM berry selection
Výběr z cibéb 32° NM botrytis

Industry Overview

18,000 ha Total vineyard area
96% Moravia Regional concentration
65% White Production focus
6 VOCs Appellations
550,000 hl Annual production

Wine Industry Development

9th C

Great Moravia

First vineyards planted

14th C

Charles IV

Royal vineyard expansion

1784

Joseph II

Wine cellar rights

1945-89

Communist Era

Quantity over quality

1989

Velvet Revolution

Private ownership returns

1995

New Wine Law

EU standards adopted

2009

VOC System

First appellations

2020+

Natural Movement

International recognition

Production Statistics

550k
Hectoliters
Annual production
65%
White Wine
Production focus
20L
Per Capita
Annual consumption
600+
Wineries
Active producers
11.5%
Müller-Thurgau
Most planted
11%
Grüner Veltliner
Czech signature

Moravia (Morava)

The heart of Czech wine - 96% of national production

Mikulovská (Mikulov)

Largest Sub-region

Limestone paradise often called Czech Burgundy. Warmest region with Pálava Hills UNESCO site. Continental climate with Pannonian influence.

Area 4,600 ha
Soils Limestone
Climate Pannonian
Specialties GV, Riesling

Notable Areas

Mikulov Holy Hill, limestone terroir
Pálava Hills Protected landscape, unique microclimate
Valtice-Lednice UNESCO World Heritage landscape
Novosedly Straw wine tradition

Top Producers

Volařík Limestone terroir master
Gotberg Grüner Veltliner specialist
Sonberk Modern architecture, biodynamic
Milan Nestarec Natural wine pioneer

QPR Champions

White
Sonberk Pálava
$15
White
Gotberg Grüner Veltliner
$12
White
Volařík Riesling
$18

Velkopavlovická (Velké Pavlovice)

Red Wine Center

Czech red wine capital with warmest temperatures and diverse soils. Red wine focus with 40% of plantings.

Area 4,500 ha
Red Share 40%
Key Zone Modré Hory
Specialty Frankovka

Notable Areas

Modré Hory Blue Mountains, granite soils
Hustopeče Almond trees and apricots
Čejkovice Historic Templar cellars

Top Producers

Spielberg Red wine master
Mikrosvín Micro-production excellence
Baloun André specialist

QPR Champions

Red
Spielberg Frankovka
$16
Red
Baloun André
$12
Red
Mikrosvín Pinot Noir
$20

Znojemská (Znojmo)

VOC Pioneer

Coolest Moravian region in Dyje River valley. Granite and gneiss soils where aromatic varieties excel.

Area 3,300 ha
VOC Since 2009
Soils Granite
Stars Sauvignon

Top Producers

Znovín Znojmo Historic, largest in region
Lahofer Modern architecture, quality focus
Waldberg Riesling specialist

QPR Champions

White
Znovín Sauvignon VOC
$10
White
Lahofer Grüner Veltliner
$14

Slovácká (Slovácko)

Largest Area

Largest sub-region by area with diverse terroir and strong folk wine traditions.

Area: 4,200 ha, White Carpathians foothills
Notable: Blatnický Roháč (Pinot Noir), Petrov-Plže cellars
Producers: Žádník, Osička, Dufek

Bohemia (Čechy)

Small but historic - Prague's local wines (4% of production)

Mělnická (Mělník)

Confluence Wine

Historic region dating to Charles IV where Vltava meets Elbe. Unique microclimate with chalk and limestone soils.

Area 350 ha
History 14th century
Soils Chalk/limestone
Focus Pinot Noir

Historic Significance

Royal Vineyards Since 14th century
Lobkowicz Family Historic estates
St. Ludmila Patron of winemakers

Top Producers

Château Mělník Lobkowicz family estate
Bettina Lobkowicz Modern approach

QPR Champions

Red
Château Mělník Pinot Noir
$16
White
Bettina Lobkowicz Riesling
$18

Litoměřická (Litoměřice)

Garden of Bohemia

Czech Rhine Valley with volcanic soils and extreme continental climate.

Area: 350 ha, Elbe River valley
Unique: Volcanic terroir, Porta Bohemica gorge
Producers: Žernoseky, Johann W, Pod Radobýlem

VOC System in Detail

Original Certified Wine - Czech Republic's appellation system

VOC Znojmo

First VOC (2009)

Grapes Sauvignon, Riesling, GV
Style Crisp, mineral
Terroir Granite soils

VOC Mikulov

Established 2011

Grapes Riesling, Pálava
Style Limestone elegance
Terroir Limestone hills

VOC Modré Hory

Established 2012

Grapes Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris
Style Structured reds
Terroir Granite soils

VOC Requirements

Terroir expression through strict regulations, similar to French AOC.

Grapes: Defined varieties per VOC, 100% from area
Quality: Maximum yields, blind tasting approval
Other VOCs: Valtice, Blatnice, Mělník

Key Grape Varieties

From Germanic classics to Czech originals

Grüner Veltliner (Veltlínské zelené)

Czech Signature

Czech signature white representing 11% of plantings. Crisp, herbal, white pepper notes. Excellent with Czech cuisine.

Plantings 11% total
Best Regions Mikulov, Znojmo
Style Crisp, herbal
Food Match Czech cuisine

Regional Style Spectrum

Znojmo
Light & Crisp Citrus, green apple, white pepper
Mikulov
Fuller & Mineral Complex, limestone influence
Velké Pavlovice
Riper & Rounder More body, stone fruit notes

Traditional Varieties

Müller-Thurgau

Most planted (11.5%)

Style Light, aromatic
Character Easy-drinking
Best When yields controlled

Riesling (Ryzlink rýnský)

Quality leader (7%)

Styles Dry and sweet
Best Region Mikulov limestone
Aging Excellent potential

Czech Originals

Local crossings

Pálava Traminer x MT, aromatic
Moravian Muscat Intensely aromatic
André Deep color red
Cabernet Moravia Bordeaux-style

Red Varieties

Pinot Family

Burgundian Heritage
Pinot Noir 4% plantings
Pinot Blanc Elegant whites
Pinot Gris Dry & sweet

Best Regions: Modré Hory, Mikulov, Mělník

Style: Cool climate elegance

Central European Reds

Regional Specialties
Frankovka 4.5% (Blaufränkisch)
Sankt Laurent 3.5% velvety
Zweigeltrebe 4% fruity

Character: Spicy, structured, food-friendly

Best Region: Velké Pavlovice

Top Czech Wine Producers

Premium Estates

Quality Leaders
Sonberk Biodynamic
Volařík Mikulov master
Gotberg Terroir focus

Style: Terroir-driven, premium quality

Recognition: International awards

Modern Masters

Innovation Leaders
Lahofer Architecture icon
Mikrosvín Micro-vinification
Spielberg Red specialist

Approach: Modern techniques, traditional varieties

Focus: Single vineyard expression

Natural Wine Movement

Czech Republic's dynamic natural wine scene

Natural Pioneers

Minimal Intervention
Milan Nestarec International star
Richard Stávek Biodynamic leader
Petr Marada Orange wines

Methods: Native yeasts, minimal SO2, skin contact

Export: Strong international presence

Emerging Naturalists

New Generation
Syfany Experimental
Porta Bohemica Volcanic terroir
Krásná Hora Pét-nat specialist

Movement: Growing community, wine bars in Prague

Events: Natural wine fairs gaining popularity

Food & Wine Pairing

České víno a jídlo - where wine cellars meet hearty cuisine

Czech Pairing Philosophy

Moravská Tradice

Regional Harmony

Moravian Wine Southern tradition
Bohemian Beer Northern culture
Wine Renaissance Modern evolution

Cuisine Challenges

Heavy Sauces Need cutting acidity
Knedlíky Factor Texture consideration
GV Solution Perfect Czech match

Cellar Culture

Sklep Tradition Underground heritage
Open Cellars Tasting culture
Wine & Song Folk traditions

Iconic Czech Pairings

🥩
Svíčková + Sankt Laurent
National treasure
🍖
Vepřo-knedlo-zelo + GV
Classic harmony
🦆
Pečená kachna + Pinot Noir
Perfect match
🧀
Tvarůžky + Pálava
Moravian duo
🎄
Kapr + Welschriesling
Christmas tradition
🍇
Burčák + Chleba se sádlem
Harvest classic

Traditional Czech Cuisine

Classic Czech Dishes

Svíčková na smetaně
Sankt Laurent, Frankovka, aged Pinot Noir
Vepřo knedlo zelo
Grüner Veltliner, Riesling, Welschriesling
Guláš
Zweigeltrebe, André, Frankovka
Smažený řízek
Riesling, Pinot Blanc, Müller-Thurgau
Pečená kachna
Pinot Noir, Frankovka, aged reds
Smažený sýr
Müller-Thurgau, light whites, GV
Kulajda
Pinot Gris, Chardonnay, creamy whites
Česnečka
Grüner Veltliner, Sauvignon Blanc
Bramboráky
Sauvignon Blanc, GV, crisp whites
Uzené maso
Riesling, aromatic whites, Traminer
Zelňačka
Pinot Blanc, Welschriesling, GV
Tatarák
Rosé, light reds, Frankovka

Moravian Specialties

Moravský vrabec
Frankovka, Zweigeltrebe, Cabernet Moravia
Škvarková pomazánka
Grüner Veltliner, young whites
Husí játra
Late harvest, Traminer, ice wine
Zabijačka
Bold reds, Cabernet Moravia, André
Kyselé zelí
Riesling, GV, high acid whites
Utopenci
Sauvignon Blanc, crisp whites
Olomoucké tvarůžky
Traminer, Pálava, aromatic whites
Frgály
Moravian Muscat, sweet wines
Koláče
Semi-sweet whites, Muscat
Chleba se sádlem
Young wines, Federweisser, Burčák
Moravské koláče
Muscat, ice wine, late harvest
Škvarkové pagáče
GV, young reds, rosé

Bohemian Classics

Pražská šunka
Pinot Gris, Chardonnay
Staročeský bigos
Frankovka, medium reds
Pečené koleno
Bold reds, Cabernet Sauvignon
Hovězí na houbách
Pinot Noir, Sankt Laurent
Sekaná pečeně
Zweigeltrebe, André
Tlačenka
GV, Welschriesling
Jitrnice
Riesling, aromatic whites
Jelita
Light reds, rosé
Prejt
GV, crisp whites
Špekové knedlíky
Welschriesling, light whites
Pečená husa
Pinot Noir Reserve, aged reds
Králík na smetaně
Chardonnay, white burgundy style

Modern Czech Cuisine

Duck confit
Pinot Noir Reserve, aged Frankovka
Venison carpaccio
Frankovka rosé, light reds
Modern goulash interpretation
Natural reds, orange wines
Beef tartare
Orange wine, Pet-nat, natural wines
River fish (carp, trout)
VOC whites, premium GV
Wild mushroom dishes
Pinot family, aged whites
Root vegetable creations
Grüner Veltliner Reserve
Game dishes
Aged reds, Cabernet Moravia
Foie gras
Straw wine, TBA style
Artisanal cheese selection
Natural wines, aged whites
Modern charcuterie
VOC wines, premium selections
Contemporary desserts
Ice wine, late harvest

Czech Wine Styles Guide

Wine-First Approach

Moravian White Varieties

Grüner Veltliner (Veltlínské zelené) Pork dishes, root vegetables, cream sauces, schnitzel, dumplings, sauerkraut, traditional Czech cuisine
Welschriesling (Ryzlink vlašský) River fish, light meats, potato salad, Christmas carp, vegetable dishes
Riesling (Ryzlink rýnský) Asian fusion, spicy foods, aged cheeses, smoked meats, rich sauces
Pinot Blanc (Rulandské bílé) Creamy soups, poultry, mild cheeses, egg dishes, light pork
Pinot Gris (Rulandské šedé) Mushroom dishes, creamy sauces, roasted vegetables, foie gras
Chardonnay Roasted chicken, cream sauces, buttery dishes, lobster, rich fish
Sauvignon Blanc Goat cheese, asparagus, fresh salads, herb dishes, light seafood
Müller-Thurgau Light dishes, fried cheese, simple preparations, everyday meals

Moravian Red Varieties

Frankovka (Blaufränkisch) Game meats, goulash, aged cheeses, hearty stews, roasted meats, zabijačka
Pinot Noir (Rulandské modré) Duck, mushrooms, salmon, soft cheeses, lighter game, earthy dishes
Sankt Laurent (Svatovavřinecké) Beef dishes, svíčková, root vegetables, earthy preparations, aged meats
Zweigeltrebe (Zweigeltrebe) Goulash, hearty stews, grilled meats, spiced dishes, winter foods
André BBQ, grilled meats, casual fare, pizza, everyday reds
Cabernet Moravia Steaks, aged meats, strong cheeses, special occasions
Dornfelder BBQ, casual dining, fruity preparations, light meats
Modrý Portugal Light dishes, charcuterie, simple fare, everyday drinking

Aromatic & Special Whites

Pálava Strong cheeses, spicy cuisine, foie gras, aromatic Asian dishes, desserts
Traminer (Tramín) Spiced foods, strong cheeses, Asian cuisine, foie gras, aromatic dishes
Moravian Muscat (Muškát moravský) Fresh fruit, light desserts, aperitif, mild cheeses, afternoon sipping
Irsai Oliver Light appetizers, fruit salads, aperitif, summer dishes
Sylvánské zelené Light foods, salads, everyday drinking, simple preparations
Neuburské Traditional dishes, everyday meals, local cuisine

VOC Wines (Appellation)

VOC Znojmo Sauvignon Blanc & Riesling focus, pairs with fish, salads, goat cheese
VOC Mikulov Riesling & Pinot family, limestone terroir, seafood, poultry
VOC Pálava Complex wines, age-worthy, game, strong flavors
VOC Blatnice Red wine focus, pairs with meat, aged cheeses
VOC Strážnice Diverse styles, food-friendly, regional cuisine
VOC Slovácko Traditional varieties, local dishes, everyday wines
VOC Velkopavlovice Red wine region, Frankovka, meat dishes
VOC Modré Hory Premium reds, special occasions, aged meats

Natural & Orange Wines

Natural Czech Wines Fermented foods, artisanal cheeses, modern cuisine, vegetarian dishes
Orange/Amber Wines Complex dishes, aged cheeses, nuts, Middle Eastern cuisine
Pet-Nat (Pétillant Naturel) Aperitif, light foods, summer dishes, casual dining
Qvevri-style Georgian method, pairs with traditional foods, hearty dishes
Biodynamic Wines Organic cuisine, vegetable-forward dishes, clean eating
Minimal Intervention Simple preparations, authentic flavors, artisanal products

Sweet & Special Wines

Straw Wine (Slámové víno) Blue cheese, foie gras, nut desserts, Christmas cookies, meditation
Ice Wine (Ledové víno) Fruit desserts, crème brûlée, strong cheeses, special occasions
Late Harvest (Pozdní sběr) Pastries, mild cheeses, fruit tarts, afternoon tea
Selection (Výběr z hroznů) Rich desserts, aged cheeses, special occasions
Berry Selection (Výběr z bobulí) Premium desserts, blue cheese, luxury dining
TBA Style (Výběr z cibéb) Finest desserts, meditation wine, special gifts
Burčák (Federweisser) Harvest snacks, fresh bread, young cheeses, street food
Svatomartinské St. Martin's goose, autumn dishes, new wine celebration

Czech Cheese & Charcuterie

Sýry a Uzeniny

Traditional Cheeses

Olomoucké tvarůžky Pálava, Traminer, aromatic whites
Hermelín Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc
Niva Sweet wines, Port-style
Pivní sýr Riesling, GV
Balkánský sýr Rosé, light whites
Parenica Light whites, Welschriesling
Korbáčiky Young wines, rosé
Jihočeská Niva Late harvest, sweet wines
Loštické tvarůžky Gewürztraminer, Pálava

Czech Charcuterie

Pražská šunka Pinot Gris, Chardonnay
Lovecký salám Frankovka, medium reds
Špekáčky GV, light reds
Klobása Bold reds, Zweigeltrebe
Tlačenka Welschriesling, GV
Škvarky Young wines, Burčák
Jitrnice Riesling, aromatic whites
Jelita Light reds, rosé
Moravské uzené Frankovka, Sankt Laurent

Pickled & Preserved

Utopenci Sauvignon Blanc, crisp whites
Zavináče Riesling, high-acid whites
Nakládaný hermelín Rosé, light wines
Kyselé zelí Riesling, GV
Kvašené okurky High-acid whites
Čalamáda Versatile whites
Moravské zelí Riesling, aromatic whites

Quick Pairing Reference

By Food Category

Soups & Starters

Goulash Soup Zweigeltrebe, André
Garlic Soup GV, Sauvignon
Potato Soup Pinot Blanc
Cabbage Soup Welschriesling
Kulajda Pinot Gris
Beef Broth Light whites
Dršťková Bold reds

Meat Dishes

Roast Pork GV, Riesling
Beef Sirloin Sankt Laurent
Roast Duck Pinot Noir
Wild Boar Cabernet Moravia
Venison Aged Frankovka
Rabbit Chardonnay
Goose Reserve Pinot Noir

Vegetarian & Sides

Fried Cheese Müller-Thurgau
Potato Pancakes Sauvignon Blanc
Mushroom Dishes Pinot family
Cabbage Rolls Riesling
Dumplings Pairs with sauce
Sauerkraut Riesling, GV
Root Vegetables GV Reserve

Seasonal Czech Wine Guide

Roční Období
🌸 Jaro (Spring)
March-May Open cellars season, fresh whites with asparagus, Easter lamb, spring vegetables, first rosé
☀️ Léto (Summer)
June-August Wine festivals, rosé, spritzers, light wines with grilled foods, salads, outdoor dining
🍂 Podzim (Autumn)
September-November Burčák season, harvest festivals, St. Martin wines, mushroom dishes, game season begins
❄️ Zima (Winter)
December-February Aged reds with hearty stews, Christmas carp, svařák (mulled wine), sweet wines with cookies

Traditional Czech Wine Service

Vinný Rituál
Sklep Visit
Wine Cellar Arrival Welcome wine, cellar temperature service, traditional greeting
První ochutnávka
First Tasting Light whites, sparkling, aperitif style, standing reception
Předkrm
Appetizers Crisp whites with spreads, pickled items, light bites
Polévka
Soup Course Continue white or pause, depending on soup style
Hlavní chod
Main Course Red wines with meat, fuller whites with fish or poultry
Sýrový talíř
Cheese Course Aged reds, sweet wines, traditional pairing
Dezert
Dessert Sweet wines, ice wine, straw wine with pastries
Digestiv
After Dinner Slivovice, hruškovice, other fruit brandies, traditional ending

Sommelier Pro Tips for Czech Wine

GV Temperature: Serve at 8-10°C for optimal pepper notes and freshness
Decanting: Frankovka benefits from 30-60 minutes, aged Pinot Noir 15-30 minutes
Burčák Service: Drink immediately when fresh, loses charm quickly, serve chilled
Wine Spritzer: Acceptable and traditional - "vinný střik" common in summer
St. Martin's Day: November 11 at 11:11 - first wines of vintage, festive tradition
Cellar Culture: Bring your own glass to open cellars, respect local customs
VOC Wines: Appellation system guarantees quality and typicity - seek them out
Small Producers: Best value often from family wineries, visit directly
Food Pairing Rule: Czech food is heavy - wines need good acidity to cut through
Natural Wine Scene: Growing rapidly, especially around Prague and Brno
Knedlíky Challenge: Dumplings absorb sauce - pair wine with sauce, not dumpling
Na zdraví!: Always make eye contact when toasting - Czech tradition

Czech Wine Culture

Where beer country embraces wine tradition

Wine in Czech Life

Growing Appreciation
Per Capita 20L/year
Wine Cellars 50,000+
Tourism 2M visitors
Wine Trails 1,200km

Wine Tourism Highlights

Mikulov Wine capital, Pálava Hills UNESCO
Lednice-Valtice UNESCO Cultural Landscape
Petrov-Plže Traditional painted cellars
Šobes Vineyard National Park location
Wine Cycling Routes Moravian wine trails
Underground Labyrinths Historic cellar systems

Annual Wine Events

Open Wine Cellars April & November - Visit 100+ cellars
Pálavské vinobraní September - Mikulov harvest festival
Znojemské vinobraní September - Historical costumes & parades
St. Martin's Wine November 11 - Young wine release
Burčák Festivals August-September - Fermenting must
Prague Wine Week Growing urban wine scene

Wine Traditions

Zarážení hory Vineyard closing ceremony
Wine Blessing St. John's wine blessing
Folk Songs Wine cellar singing tradition
Sklep Culture Underground cellar gatherings

Modern Czech Wine Scene

Renaissance Period

Prague Wine Culture

Wine Bars 200+ specialized
Natural Wine Growing movement
Wine Shops Premium focus
Wine Education Rising interest

Quality Revolution

Small Producers 600+ wineries
VOC Success Terroir focus
International Awards Growing recognition
Export Growth Premium markets

Wine & Gastronomy

Michelin Restaurants Czech wine focus
Wine Dinners Regular events
Local Movement Regional pairing
Wine Tourism Agrotourism boom

Practical Information

Understanding Czech Wine Labels

Czech Term English Description
Víno Wine General term for wine
Bílé/Červené/Růžové White/Red/Rosé Wine colors
Suché Dry 0-4 g/L residual sugar
Polosuché Semi-dry 4-12 g/L residual sugar
Polosladké Semi-sweet 12-45 g/L residual sugar
Sladké Sweet >45 g/L residual sugar
Ročník Vintage Year of harvest
Odrůda Grape variety Type of grape
Vinařská oblast Wine region Main wine area
Viniční trať Single vineyard Specific vineyard site

Vintage Guide (Recent)

2018: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Excellent, warm vintage, ripe wines

2019: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Very good, balanced wines

2020: ⭐⭐⭐ Challenging spring, good where yields controlled

2021: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Cool, late vintage, elegant wines

2022: ⭐⭐⭐⭐ Warm, dry, early harvest

2023: ⭐⭐⭐ Variable, careful selection needed

Serving Temperatures

Light Whites

8-10°C
MT, GV

Full Whites

10-12°C
Chardonnay

Light Reds

14-16°C
Pinot Noir

Full Reds

16-18°C
Frankovka

Premium Czech Wines

Top wines showcasing Czech potential

1
Milan Nestarec Forks & Knives
Natural wine icon, international acclaim
$25-35
2
Sonberk Reserve wines
Biodynamic excellence from Pálava
$20-30
3
Volařík Single Vineyard
Limestone terroir expression
$25-40
4
Mikrosvín Limited Editions
Micro-production excellence
$30-45
5
Novosedly Straw Wines
Traditional sweet wine mastery
$35-50

Quick Reference

Czech Wine Recommendations

Style Region Producer & Wine Est. Price
Grüner Veltliner Mikulov Gotberg Veltlínské zelené $12
Riesling Mikulov Volařík Ryzlink rýnský $18
Sauvignon Blanc Znojmo VOC Znovín Sauvignon VOC $10
Pálava Mikulov Sonberk Pálava $15
Müller-Thurgau Slovácko Osička Müller-Thurgau $8
Pinot Noir Modré Hory VOC Mikrosvín Pinot Noir $20
Frankovka Velké Pavlovice Spielberg Frankovka $16
Natural Wine Moravia Milan Nestarec Danger 380V $22
Sparkling Mikulov Château Valtice Sekt Brut $14
Sweet Wine Znojmo Lahofer Riesling Slámové víno $25

Top 10 Wines to Understand Czech Wine

1
Grüner Veltliner from Mikulov
The Czech signature - crisp, herbal, white pepper
2
VOC Znojmo Sauvignon Blanc
Appellation excellence - mineral, gooseberry
3
Pálava from limestone soils
Local variety mastery - aromatic, spicy
4
Riesling from Mikulov
Limestone expression - mineral, age-worthy
5
Frankovka from Velké Pavlovice
Red wine tradition - spicy, structured
6
Pinot Noir from Modré Hory
Granite terroir - elegant, mineral
7
Traditional method Sekt
Czech sparkling heritage - crisp, refined
8
Straw wine from Novosedly
Sweet wine tradition - concentrated, complex
9
Natural wine from Milan Nestarec
Modern movement - minimal intervention, unique
10
Premium Müller-Thurgau
Redemption of everyday grape - when done right
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